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Unni Wikan (born 18 November 1944) is professor of social anthropology at the University of Oslo, Norway. She has served as visiting professor at the University of Chicago (2011), Harvard University (1999-2000), Goethe University, Frankfurt (2000), London School of Economics (1997), École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris (1996). She has also been a visiting scholar at Harvard University (1995), guest lecturer at Harvard (1987), guest lecturer at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel (1983) and visiting assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University (1977). ==Career and controversy== Wikan has worked as a consultant to UNICEF and the World Food Programme in Bhutan from 1989 to 1994, the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation in Palestinian areas in 1999, and United Nations Development Program in Yemen (2004). For almost ten years, Wikan has campaigned to change Norwegian policies towards immigrants, arguing that generous welfare and a policy of multicultural tolerance are creating a culture of welfare dependence, and destroying self-respect. A reviewer of her book "Generous Betrayal: Politics of Culture in the New Europe" claims that she used invalid methodology, not giving "''a far more complex social reality''" its due. "'Unsympathetic readers''" might see it as a "''racist polemic.''"〔(Book review of "Generous Betrayal: Politics of Culture in the New Europe" )() by Paul A. Silverstein, American Ethnologist, November 1, 2004〕 She has argued that far from being a racist, she has significant empathy for the lives of many of the Muslim men she has portrayed in her most recent books. In a well-known case in Norway (The Anooshe case), she argued that the state had not taken into account the social expectations of immigrant men, and this had led to rootless men whose social expectations were not met or even acknowledged, arguing that violence is a product of immigrant conditions when host country laws conflict with the “unwritten social rules” of immigrant societies. 〔(Culcom:Cultural Complexity in the New Norway ), Interview with U. Wikan, February, 2006〕 In a recent debate about the culture of gang rape arising amongst Muslim immigrants in Norway, she controversially stated that if immigration into Norway is to be tolerated, then “Norwegian women must take their share of responsibility for these rapes” because Muslim men found their manner of dress provocative. While many online and print sources〔(search, retrieved October 13, 2015" )〕 quote Wikan as saying, "Norwegian women must take their share of responsibility for these rapes," this phrase does not appear as a direct quote, but as a reporter's conclusion in Norway's second-largest tabloid newspaper, Dagbladet. 〔("Mener norske jenter frister til sex" ), Dagbladet, September 6th, 2001〕 Nonetheless, being seen as an apologist for rapists may have undermined her work, and her commentary in this debate has ignited fury on social media. Wikan has performed field work in a number of countries (Egypt, Oman, Yemen, Indonesia, Bhutan, Scandinavia) and her research has resulted in ten books being published. Her works have been translated into Japanese, Arabic, Kurdish, Portuguese, Swedish, Danish, German, and Italian. Wikan was awarded the 2004 Fritt Ord Award "''for her insightful, outspoken and challenging contribution to the debate on value conflicts in the multi-cultural society.''"〔(Annual Report 2004 ), Freedom of Expression Foundation, Oslo〕 She is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unni Wikan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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